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重力式無閥濾池濾料跑失分析

時間:2020/08/22點擊:次

摘(zhai)要(yao):通(tong)過實際生產運行(xing)中發現(xian)重力式無閥濾(lv)(lv)池濾(lv)(lv)砂(sha)跑失這一現(xian)象(xiang),分析并(bing)總(zong)結(jie)具(ju)體(ti)原因(yin)以及(ji)該注意的事項。

在一次清(qing)洗(xi)清(qing)水(shui)(shui)池(chi)(chi)時,意外(wai)地發(fa)現(xian)在清(qing)水(shui)(shui)池(chi)(chi)進(jin)水(shui)(shui)口(2#濾(lv)(lv)池(chi)(chi)出(chu)(chu)水(shui)(shui))下(xia)方(fang)出(chu)(chu)現(xian)濾(lv)(lv)砂(sha),數量有(you)兩簸箕之多(duo)。當時感到非(fei)常納悶,因為,過濾(lv)(lv)工(gong)序采用的是重力(li)式無閥(fa)濾(lv)(lv)池(chi)(chi),濾(lv)(lv)砂(sha)在密閉的池(chi)(chi)體內是不可能進(jin)入清(qing)水(shui)(shui)池(chi)(chi)的。

過濾(lv)(lv)是(shi)凈水(shui)(shui)(shui)過程中的(de)關鍵(jian)一(yi)環,濾(lv)(lv)層厚度(du)達(da)不(bu)到(dao)標準厚度(du)必將(jiang)(jiang)影響(xiang)濾(lv)(lv)池(chi)的(de)出(chu)水(shui)(shui)(shui)水(shui)(shui)(shui)質,濾(lv)(lv)池(chi)濾(lv)(lv)料的(de)跑失現象一(yi)般是(shi)在濾(lv)(lv)池(chi)反(fan)沖(chong)洗過程中發生,這主要是(shi)由于濾(lv)(lv)池(chi)在反(fan)沖(chong)洗過程中反(fan)沖(chong)洗強度(du)過大(da)所(suo)致(zhi)。像重力式無閥濾(lv)(lv)池(chi)的(de)反(fan)沖(chong)洗強度(du)調節板脫落(luo)后,就(jiu)容(rong)易造成反(fan)沖(chong)洗強度(du)增強,在這種情況下濾(lv)(lv)池(chi)反(fan)沖(chong)洗時容(rong)易將(jiang)(jiang)濾(lv)(lv)料帶(dai)走。久而(er)久之將(jiang)(jiang)造成濾(lv)(lv)池(chi)濾(lv)(lv)料缺失,并影響(xiang)濾(lv)(lv)池(chi)的(de)正常(chang)工作,進而(er)造成出(chu)水(shui)(shui)(shui)水(shui)(shui)(shui)質惡化,危(wei)及供水(shui)(shui)(shui)健康。

(下圖(tu)為(wei)重力式無閥過濾器)

重力式無閥濾池濾料跑失分析

某公(gong)司(si)2#濾(lv)(lv)(lv)池(chi)(chi)(chi)是由兩(liang)組單池(chi)(chi)(chi)時(shi)處理(li)能力(li)為(wei)320噸的(de)重力(li)式(shi)無閥(fa)濾(lv)(lv)(lv)池(chi)(chi)(chi)合建而(er)成,共四(si)格(ge)。夏季高峰供水(shui)前(qian),在(zai)對該濾(lv)(lv)(lv)池(chi)(chi)(chi)池(chi)(chi)(chi)組進行檢查濾(lv)(lv)(lv)砂(sha)(sha)(sha)時(shi),發現四(si)格(ge)濾(lv)(lv)(lv)池(chi)(chi)(chi)均跑砂(sha)(sha)(sha)嚴(yan)重,多(duo)者已超(chao)過濾(lv)(lv)(lv)層標準厚度(du)的(de)70%。更有甚者是池(chi)(chi)(chi)內濾(lv)(lv)(lv)布(bu)被掀起,承(cheng)托層與濾(lv)(lv)(lv)砂(sha)(sha)(sha)嚴(yan)重混雜,濾(lv)(lv)(lv)層表面呈現高低不平,砂(sha)(sha)(sha)層表面積(ji)泥(ni)嚴(yan)重,近乎固(gu)化(hua)的(de)泥(ni)層厚度(du)達(da)10cm之多(duo),這(zhe)格(ge)濾(lv)(lv)(lv)池(chi)(chi)(chi)實際已失(shi)去過濾(lv)(lv)(lv)功能。再(zai)看(kan)看(kan)虹吸下降管(guan)末(mo)端的(de)反沖(chong)洗強度(du)調節(jie)板并沒(mei)有脫落,可以認為(wei)濾(lv)(lv)(lv)池(chi)(chi)(chi)的(de)反沖(chong)洗強度(du)未發生根(gen)本變(bian)化(hua),因而(er)不存在(zai)從反沖(chong)洗虹吸排水(shui)管(guan)帶走濾(lv)(lv)(lv)砂(sha)(sha)(sha)這(zhe)一(yi)問題。那么,濾(lv)(lv)(lv)砂(sha)(sha)(sha)到(dao)底到(dao)哪(na)里去了?感(gan)覺十分(fen)蹊蹺。

在進(jin)人(ren)沖(chong)洗水(shui)箱后,眼(yan)前(qian)出現(xian)(xian)(xian)了驚(jing)人(ren)的一幕,同時(shi),之前(qian)的疑(yi)慮(lv)也自(zi)然消失了。四格沖(chong)洗水(shui)箱內(nei)不同程度地出現(xian)(xian)(xian)了濾(lv)砂,每格濾(lv)池的進(jin)水(shui)管上方(fang)都積(ji)聚了濾(lv)砂,而在濾(lv)池內(nei)集水(shui)槽的沿口上也存有濾(lv)砂,此時(shi),已不難(nan)理解為(wei)什么在清水(shui)池內(nei)進(jin)水(shui)口處下方(fang)會出現(xian)(xian)(xian)濾(lv)砂這(zhe)一問題(ti)。而在四格沖(chong)洗水(shui)箱中積(ji)有濾(lv)砂較多的一格,就達(da)沖(chong)洗水(shui)箱容積(ji)的四分之一之多,濾(lv)砂跑失讓人(ren)驚(jing)駭。

重力式無閥濾池濾料跑失分析

經對四格(ge)沖洗水(shui)箱內的濾(lv)(lv)(lv)砂逐一(yi)清理(li),發現(xian)虹吸破(po)壞斗(dou)或已脫落(luo)或已填滿濾(lv)(lv)(lv)砂。而對濾(lv)(lv)(lv)層的清理(li)則發現(xian)濾(lv)(lv)(lv)布均(jun)已損動,且(qie)其中有一(yi)格(ge)濾(lv)(lv)(lv)池里的一(yi)塊濾(lv)(lv)(lv)板已上翻(fan),四格(ge)濾(lv)(lv)(lv)池的濾(lv)(lv)(lv)板下均(jun)塞滿了濾(lv)(lv)(lv)砂。

此(ci)時已(yi)不難發現濾(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)砂(sha)(sha)(sha)跑(pao)失的(de)(de)途(tu)徑了(le):由于種(zhong)種(zhong)原因(yin)致使(shi)濾(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)布損動,導致濾(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)池(chi)在運行過(guo)程中的(de)(de)某個(ge)環(huan)節里使(shi)得(de)濾(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)砂(sha)(sha)(sha)穿越(yue)承(cheng)托層進(jin)(jin)(jin)而通過(guo)損動的(de)(de)濾(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)布(包括濾(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)布與濾(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)布之間縫隙)后(hou)落(luo)入(ru)濾(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)板(ban)下(xia)的(de)(de)集(配(pei))水(shui)(shui)室,后(hou)在強(qiang)大的(de)(de)水(shui)(shui)流(liu)作用下(xia)濾(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)砂(sha)(sha)(sha)通過(guo)連(lian)通渠進(jin)(jin)(jin)入(ru)沖(chong)(chong)(chong)洗(xi)(xi)水(shui)(shui)箱(xiang)(xiang)。同時,有(you)很少一(yi)部分濾(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)砂(sha)(sha)(sha)伴(ban)隨著(zhu)高速(su)的(de)(de)水(shui)(shui)流(liu)經集水(shui)(shui)槽進(jin)(jin)(jin)入(ru)了(le)清水(shui)(shui)池(chi)。而在沖(chong)(chong)(chong)洗(xi)(xi)水(shui)(shui)箱(xiang)(xiang)內積(ji)有(you)一(yi)定高度(du)的(de)(de)濾(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)砂(sha)(sha)(sha)后(hou),濾(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)砂(sha)(sha)(sha)就無(wu)法再次進(jin)(jin)(jin)入(ru),此(ci)后(hou)濾(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)砂(sha)(sha)(sha)便會(hui)逐漸把連(lian)通渠堵塞(sai),而后(hou)一(yi)點點把集(配(pei))水(shui)(shui)室填滿。至此(ci),濾(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)池(chi)已(yi)幾乎喪失正常的(de)(de)運行功能,特別是在濾(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)池(chi)進(jin)(jin)(jin)行反(fan)沖(chong)(chong)(chong)洗(xi)(xi)時,濾(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)板(ban)下(xia)的(de)(de)濾(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)砂(sha)(sha)(sha)因(yin)空間原因(yin)無(wu)法膨脹,濾(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)板(ban)上僅存的(de)(de)一(yi)點濾(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)砂(sha)(sha)(sha)也與承(cheng)托層混雜,同時也因(yin)集(配(pei))水(shui)(shui)室被濾(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)砂(sha)(sha)(sha)堵塞(sai)滿而無(wu)法得(de)到充(chong)分的(de)(de)反(fan)沖(chong)(chong)(chong)洗(xi)(xi)水(shui)(shui)量進(jin)(jin)(jin)行沖(chong)(chong)(chong)洗(xi)(xi),濾(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)砂(sha)(sha)(sha)也無(wu)法得(de)到膨脹沖(chong)(chong)(chong)洗(xi)(xi)而潔凈,日(ri)積(ji)月累就會(hui)使(shi)得(de)砂(sha)(sha)(sha)層表面的(de)(de)泥層越(yue)積(ji)越(yue)厚。

重力式無閥濾池濾料跑失分析

那么,是什么原因導致這(zhe)種情況發(fa)生(sheng)的呢(ni)?

經分析:認為(wei)這(zhe)一狀況的發生其根本原因是(shi)在于(yu)虹吸破壞斗的脫(tuo)落所致。

當濾(lv)池(chi)一個過(guo)濾(lv)周(zhou)期(qi)結束(或期(qi)終(zhong)水(shui)(shui)(shui)頭(tou)達到設定值),濾(lv)池(chi)便(bian)開始(shi)反(fan)沖(chong)洗(xi)(xi),隨著(zhu)(zhu)沖(chong)洗(xi)(xi)水(shui)(shui)(shui)箱水(shui)(shui)(shui)位的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)不斷下(xia)(xia)降(jiang),虹(hong)吸(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)破(po)(po)(po)壞(huai)(huai)(huai)斗便(bian)露出水(shui)(shui)(shui)面(mian),隨著(zhu)(zhu)水(shui)(shui)(shui)位的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)繼續(xu)下(xia)(xia)降(jiang),安裝在(zai)破(po)(po)(po)壞(huai)(huai)(huai)斗上(shang)(shang)(shang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)小(xiao)虹(hong)吸(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)管管口露出水(shui)(shui)(shui)面(mian),此(ci)時(shi)(shi),破(po)(po)(po)壞(huai)(huai)(huai)斗內的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)水(shui)(shui)(shui)通過(guo)小(xiao)虹(hong)吸(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)管排(pai)除(chu)出(當然,此(ci)時(shi)(shi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)濾(lv)池(chi)反(fan)沖(chong)洗(xi)(xi)虹(hong)吸(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)破(po)(po)(po)壞(huai)(huai)(huai)管同時(shi)(shi)也在(zai)帶走一部分(fen)水(shui)(shui)(shui)。),當破(po)(po)(po)壞(huai)(huai)(huai)斗內的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)水(shui)(shui)(shui)排(pai)凈之后,虹(hong)吸(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)破(po)(po)(po)壞(huai)(huai)(huai)管開始(shi)大量吸(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)氣,反(fan)沖(chong)洗(xi)(xi)虹(hong)吸(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)管內的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)真空(kong)(kong)被破(po)(po)(po)壞(huai)(huai)(huai),隨后反(fan)沖(chong)洗(xi)(xi)結束,新一輪過(guo)濾(lv)隨之開始(shi),沖(chong)洗(xi)(xi)水(shui)(shui)(shui)箱水(shui)(shui)(shui)位漸漸上(shang)(shang)(shang)升并(bing)淹沒虹(hong)吸(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)破(po)(po)(po)壞(huai)(huai)(huai)斗。在(zai)濾(lv)池(chi)反(fan)沖(chong)洗(xi)(xi)結束至虹(hong)吸(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)破(po)(po)(po)壞(huai)(huai)(huai)斗上(shang)(shang)(shang)口面(mian)開始(shi)進水(shui)(shui)(shui),這段時(shi)(shi)間足夠讓(rang)濾(lv)池(chi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)虹(hong)吸(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)上(shang)(shang)(shang)升管與虹(hong)吸(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)下(xia)(xia)降(jiang)管充(chong)滿空(kong)(kong)氣,此(ci)時(shi)(shi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)工況完全能夠確保(bao)濾(lv)池(chi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)正(zheng)常(chang)運行。

當(dang)虹吸破壞斗脫落后,濾(lv)池(chi)運行情況就發(fa)生了根本的變化,外觀看上去濾(lv)池(chi)仍在過濾(lv)、反沖洗(xi)貌似正常運行,實際(ji)上已是在帶病工作。

不難發現:當濾(lv)(lv)(lv)池(chi)開始(shi)反(fan)(fan)沖(chong)后(hou),沖(chong)洗(xi)(xi)(xi)水箱(xiang)水位降至(zhi)虹吸(xi)破(po)壞(huai)(huai)(huai)管(guan)(guan)管(guan)(guan)口時(shi),虹吸(xi)破(po)壞(huai)(huai)(huai)管(guan)(guan)開始(shi)進(jin)(jin)氣并(bing)破(po)壞(huai)(huai)(huai)濾(lv)(lv)(lv)池(chi)正在(zai)進(jin)(jin)行(xing)的(de)反(fan)(fan)沖(chong)洗(xi)(xi)(xi),迫使濾(lv)(lv)(lv)池(chi)在(zai)反(fan)(fan)沖(chong)洗(xi)(xi)(xi)中(zhong)途停(ting)止(zhi)沖(chong)洗(xi)(xi)(xi)進(jin)(jin)而(er)轉為(wei)過濾(lv)(lv)(lv)運行(xing),此時(shi),濾(lv)(lv)(lv)砂并(bing)沒(mei)有(you)得到充(chong)分膨脹(zhang),濾(lv)(lv)(lv)層(ceng)水阻仍非常大,而(er)虹吸(xi)上升、下(xia)降管(guan)(guan)中(zhong)還有(you)相(xiang)當的(de)真空度,這兩(liang)個因素(su)合在(zai)一(yi)起使得濾(lv)(lv)(lv)池(chi)很快又進(jin)(jin)入反(fan)(fan)沖(chong)階段并(bing)進(jin)(jin)行(xing)反(fan)(fan)沖(chong)洗(xi)(xi)(xi),反(fan)(fan)沖(chong)洗(xi)(xi)(xi)至(zhi)虹吸(xi)破(po)壞(huai)(huai)(huai)管(guan)(guan)露出水面,虹吸(xi)破(po)壞(huai)(huai)(huai)管(guan)(guan)開始(shi)進(jin)(jin)氣,新一(yi)輪的(de)反(fan)(fan)沖(chong)洗(xi)(xi)(xi)在(zai)未(wei)完成(cheng)之前又被破(po)壞(huai)(huai)(huai)。這種過濾(lv)(lv)(lv)、沖(chong)洗(xi)(xi)(xi)的(de)周期隨著濾(lv)(lv)(lv)砂沖(chong)洗(xi)(xi)(xi)的(de)不充(chong)分而(er)會越來(lai)越短,過濾(lv)(lv)(lv)、沖(chong)洗(xi)(xi)(xi)過程交替輪動越來(lai)越頻(pin)繁。

過濾(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)、沖(chong)洗是(shi)兩(liang)個方(fang)向相(xiang)反的(de)流體(ti)運動過程,兩(liang)個過程頻繁交替就相(xiang)當于(yu)水(shui)(shui)體(ti)在(zai)整個流徑內(nei)作活塞運動,使得水(shui)(shui)體(ti)蘊含了(le)巨大(da)(da)的(de)能(neng)量,沖(chong)擊破(po)壞力非常大(da)(da)。從濾(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)板到濾(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)砂(sha)(sha)其間只(zhi)要(yao)有(you)一薄弱環節被(bei)(bei)擊破(po),則整個系統(tong)功能(neng)將(jiang)被(bei)(bei)損壞。假如濾(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)布鋪設緊(jin)固不到位,或壓緊(jin)螺(luo)母銹蝕失(shi)效,以及濾(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)布的(de)老(lao)化,必然(ran)被(bei)(bei)強大(da)(da)的(de)水(shui)(shui)流所掀起、撕(si)破(po),造成承(cheng)托層和濾(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)層的(de)紊亂,使得濾(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)砂(sha)(sha)能(neng)穿過濾(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)板進入(ru)集(ji)(配)水(shui)(shui)室(shi),隨著進入(ru)濾(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)砂(sha)(sha)的(de)逐(zhu)漸增加(jia),并(bing)在(zai)水(shui)(shui)流作用下濾(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)砂(sha)(sha)經過連(lian)通渠(qu)進入(ru)了(le)沖(chong)洗水(shui)(shui)箱,并(bing)在(zai)其內(nei)逐(zhu)漸積累,直(zhi)至將(jiang)連(lian)通渠(qu)及集(ji)(配)水(shui)(shui)室(shi)填塞滿。現在(zai)可以明白:清水(shui)(shui)池(chi)(chi)內(nei)進水(shui)(shui)口下方(fang)積有(you)的(de)濾(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)砂(sha)(sha)實(shi)際上是(shi)由濾(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)池(chi)(chi)內(nei)的(de)濾(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)砂(sha)(sha)隨濾(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)池(chi)(chi)出水(shui)(shui)帶進清水(shui)(shui)池(chi)(chi)的(de)。

這一事件提醒大家:在(zai)建(jian)造這類濾(lv)池(chi)時濾(lv)板(ban)所(suo)用的(de)(de)緊固件需(xu)要是不銹鋼材(cai)質,而在(zai)對濾(lv)池(chi)進行(xing)定期的(de)(de)例(li)行(xing)檢查時,需(xu)要對每一環(huan)節認真檢查。同時,在(zai)日常(chang)的(de)(de)工作中更要定期跟蹤(zong)觀察濾(lv)池(chi)是否存在(zai)連續的(de)(de)反沖洗現象,一經(jing)發現需(xu)要認真查找原因,并排除影響濾(lv)池(chi)正常(chang)運行(xing)的(de)(de)隱患,以確保濾(lv)池(chi)正常(chang)工作,避免重大事故發生。