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單層濾料有缺陷,雙層濾料過濾更優

時(shi)間(jian):2020/03/13點擊:次(ci)

雙層(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)級配濾(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)料—為(wei)了(le)解決單層(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)級配濾(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)料表層(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)堵(du)塞的(de)(de)弊端和(he)實(shi)現“反粒(li)(li)度”深(shen)層(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)過(guo)濾(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv),改善粒(li)(li)徑(jing)的(de)(de)不(bu)合理(li)分布,采用雙層(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)級配濾(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)料在一(yi)定程度上(shang)優化(hua)了(le)濾(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)料層(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)結(jie)構、提(ti)(ti)高(gao)了(le)過(guo)濾(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)速度、延長了(le)過(guo)濾(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)周期,而且出水水質、截污量和(he)深(shen)度也都(dou)有顯著提(ti)(ti)高(gao)。但反沖洗后,雙層(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)級配濾(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)料中每一(yi)層(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)仍表現出“正粒(li)(li)度”的(de)(de)特征(zheng),這(zhe)正是其較大的(de)(de)癥(zheng)結(jie)所(suo)在。另外(wai),雙層(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)級配濾(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)料還(huan)存在反沖洗后兩種濾(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)料相互混(hun)雜(za)而影響過(guo)濾(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)的(de)(de)情況。目(mu)前(qian)采用的(de)(de)雙層(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)級配濾(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)料主要有無(wu)煙煤—石(shi)英(ying)砂雙層(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)濾(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)料、活性炭—石(shi)英(ying)砂雙層(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)濾(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)料、陶粒(li)(li)—石(shi)英(ying)砂雙層(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)濾(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)料和(he)陶粒(li)(li)—錳砂雙層(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)濾(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)料等(deng)。

(1)無煙煤—石英砂雙層濾(lv)料。

在(zai)成(cheng)都市五(wu)水(shui)廠(chang)采(cai)用無煙(yan)煤(mei)(mei)—石(shi)(shi)(shi)英砂(sha)(sha)(sha)雙(shuang)(shuang)層(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)濾(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)料(liao)(liao)和單層(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)石(shi)(shi)(shi)英砂(sha)(sha)(sha)濾(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)料(liao)(liao)進行對比試驗,原(yuan)水(shui)來(lai)自該水(shui)廠(chang)1#機(ji)械(xie)加速澄清(qing)池。濾(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)料(liao)(liao)層(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)厚(hou)度(du)(du)(du)均(jun)為80cm,無煙(yan)煤(mei)(mei)濾(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)料(liao)(liao)層(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)厚(hou)度(du)(du)(du)50cm,下層(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)石(shi)(shi)(shi)英砂(sha)(sha)(sha)濾(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)料(liao)(liao)層(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)厚(hou)度(du)(du)(du)30cm。實驗發現(xian),在(zai)相同過濾(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)速度(du)(du)(du)下,對于(yu)有一定有機(ji)物污染的水(shui),煤(mei)(mei)砂(sha)(sha)(sha)雙(shuang)(shuang)層(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)濾(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)料(liao)(liao)的綜合過濾(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)性能優(you)于(yu)單層(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)石(shi)(shi)(shi)英砂(sha)(sha)(sha)濾(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)料(liao)(liao),煤(mei)(mei)砂(sha)(sha)(sha)雙(shuang)(shuang)層(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)濾(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)料(liao)(liao)濾(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)床(chuang)(chuang)對CODMn、氨氮和色(se)度(du)(du)(du)等的去(qu)除(chu)(chu)能力(li)顯著(zhu)優(you)于(yu)單層(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)石(shi)(shi)(shi)英砂(sha)(sha)(sha)濾(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)床(chuang)(chuang),如煤(mei)(mei)砂(sha)(sha)(sha)雙(shuang)(shuang)層(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)濾(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)料(liao)(liao)濾(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)床(chuang)(chuang)對氨氮的平均(jun)去(qu)除(chu)(chu)率(lv)為69.47%,遠高于(yu)單層(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)石(shi)(shi)(shi)英砂(sha)(sha)(sha)濾(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)床(chuang)(chuang),煤(mei)(mei)砂(sha)(sha)(sha)雙(shuang)(shuang)層(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)濾(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)料(liao)(liao)濾(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)床(chuang)(chuang)對色(se)度(du)(du)(du)的平均(jun)去(qu)除(chu)(chu)率(lv)為96.99%,比單層(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)石(shi)(shi)(shi)英砂(sha)(sha)(sha)濾(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)床(chuang)(chuang)對色(se)度(du)(du)(du)的平均(jun)去(qu)除(chu)(chu)率(lv)高出20%,出水(shui)色(se)度(du)(du)(du)低(di)(di),平均(jun)僅為0.2cu,同時,其去(qu)除(chu)(chu)狀況在(zai)經(jing)歷過最初的濾(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)床(chuang)(chuang)成(cheng)熟(shu)期后非常穩定,而石(shi)(shi)(shi)英砂(sha)(sha)(sha)濾(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)床(chuang)(chuang)去(qu)除(chu)(chu)情況波動比較大。這樣采(cai)用煤(mei)(mei)砂(sha)(sha)(sha)雙(shuang)(shuang)層(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)濾(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)料(liao)(liao)濾(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)床(chuang)(chuang)可以降低(di)(di)消毒氯量,節省生產成(cheng)本(ben),并降低(di)(di)生產控制難度(du)(du)(du)。

(2)活性炭—石英砂雙層濾(lv)料。

嘉興南門水廠建于20世紀年代初,采用常規工藝,設計規模為5×104m3/d。因原水水質較差(超標因子為氨氮、CODMn、Mn、DO等),目前可以低負荷運行,實際生產能力約為3×104m3/d。為了改善和提高水廠出水水質,考慮到場地等條件的限制,在預氧化強化混凝的基礎上,將原來的普通石英砂濾池改造為活性炭—石英砂雙層濾料濾池,上部活性炭層高70cm,下部石英砂層高30cm。進行穩定運行期后,活性炭—石英砂雙層濾料濾池可消減氨氮負荷0.70-1.30mg/L,而原石英砂濾池去除氨氮負荷只有0-0.3mg/L;活性炭—石英砂濾池對CODMn和錳的去除率為15%-22%,對錳的去除率≥90%,均遠高于原普通單層石英砂濾池對CODMn和錳的去除率,而制水成本僅增加約0.025元/m3;同時出水色度、嗅和(he)味(wei)也有(you)明顯改(gai)善。該技(ji)術改(gai)造(zao)與(yu)原(yuan)有(you)工藝(yi)能很好(hao)地銜接,運(yun)行管理(li)方便(bian),制水增加不多,比較適合(he)老(lao)水廠技(ji)術改(gai)造(zao)。實踐證明,強(qiang)化混凝—生(sheng)物活性(xing)炭/砂(sha)雙濾料池組合(he)工藝(yi)是處理(li)低氨氮(dan)(<1.5mg/L)、低CODMn(4-6mg/L)、低錳(<0.7mg/L)微污染(ran)原(yuan)水的經濟性(xing)選擇。

(3)陶粒—石英砂雙層濾(lv)料。

試驗采用(yong)的陶(tao)(tao)粒(li)(li)(li)—石(shi)英砂雙層濾(lv)料(liao)為:石(shi)英砂厚0.45m(粒(li)(li)(li)徑0.7-1.2mm),陶(tao)(tao)粒(li)(li)(li)厚0.4m(粒(li)(li)(li)徑1-2mm),礫石(shi)承托層厚0.35m。在進水(shui)濁(zhuo)度5-10NTU且呈波(bo)狀起伏的情況下,出(chu)水(shui)濁(zhuo)度基本在0.5NTU左(zuo)右,當運(yun)行9h后,出(chu)水(shui)濁(zhuo)度>1NTU;陶(tao)(tao)粒(li)(li)(li)有(you)(you)良(liang)好的吸(xi)附、過(guo)濾(lv)以及微(wei)絮凝(ning)作(zuo)用(yong),即通過(guo)絮凝(ning)劑在濾(lv)料(liao)中(zhong)就能將有(you)(you)機物(wu)和無機顆粒(li)(li)(li)捕(bu)獲,甚至能捕(bu)獲2μm小的顆粒(li)(li)(li);出(chu)水(shui)中(zhong)Fe的含量由1.04mg/L下降為0.1mg/L,即對水(shui)中(zhong)Fe有(you)(you)很好的去除(chu)作(zuo)用(yong),且出(chu)水(shui)水(shui)質穩定;濾(lv)池的過(guo)濾(lv)速度可達到 10m/h。

為(wei)了與單層(ceng)(石(shi)英(ying)砂)濾(lv)料的過濾(lv)效果比較(jiao),水(shui)(shui)廠采用(yong)單層(ceng)石(shi)英(ying)砂濾(lv)料進行對比過濾(lv)試驗,石(shi)英(ying)砂(0.7-1.2mm)厚0.7mm,承托層(ceng)厚0.35m,原水(shui)(shui)進水(shui)(shui)濁度(du)為(wei)5-10NTU,濾(lv)速(su)為(wei)8m/h,結(jie)果發(fa)現濾(lv)池的出水(shui)(shui)濁度(du)雖然達(da)到國家標(biao)準,但出水(shui)(shui)濁度(du)值多(duo)在1.5-2.5NTU之間,且(qie)沒有絮凝發(fa)生,過濾(lv)運行7h后(hou),即(ji)發(fa)生雜質(zhi)穿(chuan)透(出水(shui)(shui)濁度(du)>3NTU),因此(ci),反沖洗周期相對較(jiao)短。雙層(ceng)濾(lv)料的反沖洗周期至少是單層(ceng)濾(lv)料濾(lv)池的2倍(bei)。