摘(zhai)要(yao):通過(guo)對鳳陽(yang)石(shi)英(ying)(ying)砂(sha)和石(shi)英(ying)(ying)砂(sha)原料的(de)(de)磁(ci)(ci)(ci)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)率(lv)(lv)、磁(ci)(ci)(ci)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)率(lv)(lv)隨溫(wen)度變(bian)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)曲線的(de)(de)測量(liang)及石(shi)英(ying)(ying)巖顯(xian)微鏡下觀察(cha),結果表(biao)明(ming),石(shi)英(ying)(ying)砂(sha)中磁(ci)(ci)(ci)性礦(kuang)(kuang)物(wu)含(han)量(liang)很低,磁(ci)(ci)(ci)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)率(lv)(lv)很低;石(shi)英(ying)(ying)砂(sha)原料磁(ci)(ci)(ci)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)率(lv)(lv)高(gao),可(ke)能含(han)有磁(ci)(ci)(ci)鐵(tie)礦(kuang)(kuang)、赤(chi)鐵(tie)礦(kuang)(kuang)、鐵(tie)的(de)(de)氫(qing)氧(yang)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)物(wu)(如(ru)纖鐵(tie)礦(kuang)(kuang))等磁(ci)(ci)(ci)性礦(kuang)(kuang)物(wu)。石(shi)英(ying)(ying)砂(sha)磁(ci)(ci)(ci)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)率(lv)(lv)值(zhi)的(de)(de)高(gao)低反(fan)映(ying)了石(shi)英(ying)(ying)砂(sha)中含(han)鐵(tie)雜質(zhi)的(de)(de)含(han)量(liang),同時也反(fan)映(ying)生產過(guo)程中除(chu)鐵(tie)效果。當石(shi)英(ying)(ying)砂(sha)磁(ci)(ci)(ci)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)率(lv)(lv)越低時,說明(ming)含(han)鐵(tie)雜質(zhi)的(de)(de)含(han)量(liang)低,反(fan)映(ying)生產過(guo)程中除(chu)鐵(tie)效果較好;當石(shi)英(ying)(ying)砂(sha)磁(ci)(ci)(ci)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)率(lv)(lv)越高(gao)時,說明(ming)含(han)鐵(tie)雜質(zhi)的(de)(de)含(han)量(liang)高(gao),反(fan)映(ying)生產過(guo)程中除(chu)鐵(tie)效果較差(cha)。
磁化率是指在弱磁場中(0.1mT)物體的磁化強度與磁場強度之比,它反映了物體在磁場作用下磁化強弱的程度。磁化率與物體中所含磁性礦物的種類、粒度和含量直接有關,常用作磁性礦物含量的粗略估量。自然界常見的巖石大部分成分由硅組成,其中含有Fe2+、Fe3+、Mn2+磁離子的巖石具有亞鐵磁性或順磁性,不含這些磁離子的巖石具有抗磁性。這是因為在眾多的金屬離子中,僅Fe2+、Fe3+、Mn2+具有磁矩,其余的離子如Si4+、Al3+、Mg2+、Ca2+、Na+、K+、Ti4+、P5+等均無磁矩。朗之萬理論指出自然界巖石的磁化率主要Fe2+、Fe3+、Mn2+離子含量決定。
鳳陽縣是我國著名的石英砂原料基地,石英巖中主要成分是SiO2,另外還含有少量的Al2O3、Fe2O3、MgO、K2O、CaO等雜質。目前鳳陽縣石英砂生產方式主要有二種: 一是濕法生產,采用石輪碾破碎再加水沖洗;二是干法生產,采用破碎-脫泥-磨礦-磁選-篩分。鳳陽縣石英砂產品主要分二類:普通石英砂和精制石英砂,其中普通石英砂SiO2的含量達98%以上,精制石英砂SiO2的(de)(de)含(han)量(liang)達99%以上。石(shi)英(ying)砂(sha)生產(chan)(chan)過程中(zhong)(zhong)通過除(chu)鐵(tie)(tie)(tie)工藝,大(da)部(bu)分(fen)(fen)含(han)鐵(tie)(tie)(tie)雜質(特別(bie)是強磁(ci)(ci)(ci)性的(de)(de)含(han)鐵(tie)(tie)(tie)雜質)都被去除(chu),石(shi)英(ying)砂(sha)的(de)(de)磁(ci)(ci)(ci)化(hua)(hua)率(lv)相(xiang)對石(shi)英(ying)砂(sha)原料的(de)(de)磁(ci)(ci)(ci)化(hua)(hua)率(lv)大(da)幅下(xia)降。但有關應(ying)用磁(ci)(ci)(ci)化(hua)(hua)率(lv)來分(fen)(fen)析(xi)石(shi)英(ying)砂(sha)除(chu)鐵(tie)(tie)(tie)效(xiao)果(guo)的(de)(de)研究文章并(bing)不多(duo)見。本實驗(yan)通過測量(liang)石(shi)英(ying)砂(sha)和石(shi)英(ying)砂(sha)原料的(de)(de)磁(ci)(ci)(ci)化(hua)(hua)率(lv)及κ-T曲線,來分(fen)(fen)析(xi)兩類樣品中(zhong)(zhong)磁(ci)(ci)(ci)性礦物種(zhong)類和含(han)量(liang),試圖用磁(ci)(ci)(ci)化(hua)(hua)率(lv)來快速分(fen)(fen)析(xi)石(shi)英(ying)砂(sha)中(zhong)(zhong)鐵(tie)(tie)(tie)雜質的(de)(de)含(han)量(liang)和判斷(duan)生產(chan)(chan)過程中(zhong)(zhong)的(de)(de)除(chu)鐵(tie)(tie)(tie)效(xiao)果(guo)。
1 樣品與研究方(fang)法(fa)
本實驗在鳳陽縣五個不同的生產企業采集了石英砂原料(直接從礦山挖下來的塊狀石英石)樣品80個,石英砂(石英石經破碎-脫泥-磨礦-磁選-篩分等工藝后的成品石英砂)樣品116個,其中濕法生產石英砂樣品22個(60~120目)、干法生產7號(70~90目)石英砂樣品26個、干法生產6號(50~70目)石英砂樣品26個、干法生產5號(30~50目)石英砂樣品16個、干法生產4號(20-30目)石英砂樣品14個、干法生產3號(10-20目)石英砂樣品12個。石英砂原料樣品采回后在室內自然風干,用銅缽把塊狀石英石人工搗碎并研磨成粉末狀,再過80目篩,把過篩后的粉末顆粒物裝入8cm3(2cm×2cm×2cm)無磁性塑料樣品盒。石英砂樣品采回在室內自然風干后,直接裝入8cm3(2cm×2cm×2cm)無磁(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)性塑料(liao)樣品(pin)盒。壓實(shi)、稱(cheng)重,進行(xing)磁(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)化率(lv)測量(liang):①利用KLY-4S磁(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)化率(lv)儀(yi)測量(liang)低場體積磁(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)化率(lv)(κ),經質量(liang)校正后得到磁(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)化率(lv)(χ);②利用KLY-4S磁(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)化率(lv)儀(yi)和(he)CS-3溫度控(kong)制系(xi)統在(zai)氬氣環境(jing)下(xia)完成(cheng)磁(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)化率(lv)隨溫度變化曲(qu)(qu)線(xian)測量(liang)(κ-T曲(qu)(qu)線(xian))。磁(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)化率(lv)測量(liang)和(he)κ-T曲(qu)(qu)線(xian)測量(liang)均在(zai)中(zhong)國地(di)質大學(xue)(北京)古(gu)地(di)磁(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)學(xue)與環境(jing)磁(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)學(xue)實(shi)驗室完成(cheng)。
2 結果(guo)與討論
2.1 顯(xian)微鏡下觀(guan)察
鳳陽(yang)石(shi)英(ying)(ying)砂原礦屬石(shi)英(ying)(ying)巖,其顯微鏡下(xia)照片(正交(jiao)偏光)如圖1,其主要礦物成分(fen)為石(shi)英(ying)(ying)(>95%),另外(wai)還含有(you)白云母(mu)(<5%)和少量不透明礦物,塊狀(zhuang)構造,石(shi)英(ying)(ying)呈等粒(li)(li)狀(zhuang),粒(li)(li)度約(yue)0.2~0.5mm,彼此呈典型的三(san)邊鑲嵌粒(li)(li)狀(zhuang)變晶結構,白云母(mu)呈片狀(zhuang),長(chang)0.1mm左(zuo)右,多位于石(shi)英(ying)(ying)顆(ke)粒(li)(li)之(zhi)間,且定向排列。
2.2 磁(ci)化(hua)率(lv)
所有樣品磁化率統計(ji)結果,見表1。
表1 所有樣品磁化(hua)率統計結(jie)果
樣品名稱 | 磁化率(χ)(10-8m3/kg) | |
范圍 | 平均值 | |
石英砂原料(n=80) | 1.89-17.52 | 7.45 |
濕法生產石英砂(n=22) | -0.50-2.87 | 0.39 |
干法生產7號石英砂(n=26) | 0.12-0.62 | 0.28 |
干法生產6號石英砂(n=26) | -0.06-0.89 | 0.12 |
干法生產5號石英砂(n=16) | -0.17-0.92 | 0.13 |
干法生產4號石英砂(n=14) | -0.18-0.17 | -0.02 |
干法生產3號石英砂(n=12) | -0.20-0.02 | -0.11 |
注(zhu):表中n為樣(yang)品數
樣品的磁化率值能粗略反映樣品中磁性礦物含量,但也受到磁性礦物類型和顆粒大小的影響。石英砂是由石英砂原料經物理加工而成,石英砂與石英砂原料中磁性顆粒大小基本一致。表1的統計結果顯示,石英砂原料的磁化率平均值為7.45×10-8m3/kg,遠遠高于石英砂磁化率平均值(其中濕法生產石英砂的磁化率平均值大,為0.39×10-8m3/kg);干法生(sheng)產(chan)(chan)石(shi)(shi)(shi)英(ying)(ying)(ying)砂(sha)(sha)(sha)和(he)濕(shi)法生(sheng)產(chan)(chan)的(de)(de)石(shi)(shi)(shi)英(ying)(ying)(ying)砂(sha)(sha)(sha)的(de)(de)磁化率都非(fei)常低(di)(di),幾(ji)乎接近于(yu)(yu)零,其中(zhong)干法生(sheng)產(chan)(chan)4號(hao)石(shi)(shi)(shi)英(ying)(ying)(ying)砂(sha)(sha)(sha)和(he)3號(hao)石(shi)(shi)(shi)英(ying)(ying)(ying)砂(sha)(sha)(sha)磁化率平均值為負(fu)。說明石(shi)(shi)(shi)英(ying)(ying)(ying)砂(sha)(sha)(sha)中(zhong)磁性(xing)礦(kuang)物含量很低(di)(di),且(qie)遠遠低(di)(di)于(yu)(yu)石(shi)(shi)(shi)英(ying)(ying)(ying)砂(sha)(sha)(sha)原(yuan)料。這主要是在石(shi)(shi)(shi)英(ying)(ying)(ying)砂(sha)(sha)(sha)生(sheng)產(chan)(chan)過程中(zhong)經水洗、磁選(xuan)等除(chu)雜工藝后,石(shi)(shi)(shi)英(ying)(ying)(ying)砂(sha)(sha)(sha)原(yuan)料中(zhong)絕大(da)部分(fen)磁性(xing)礦(kuang)物被去除(chu)的(de)(de)結果。
圖(tu)2是樣品(pin)的磁(ci)化(hua)(hua)率(lv)散點圖(tu)。圖(tu)2a顯(xian)示石(shi)(shi)(shi)英(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)砂(sha)(sha)原(yuan)料的磁(ci)化(hua)(hua)率(lv)值(zhi)遠高于(yu)石(shi)(shi)(shi)英(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)砂(sha)(sha),而(er)(er)(er)石(shi)(shi)(shi)英(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)砂(sha)(sha)的磁(ci)化(hua)(hua)率(lv)分布在零(ling)附近,說(shuo)明(ming)石(shi)(shi)(shi)英(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)砂(sha)(sha)原(yuan)料中磁(ci)性礦(kuang)物含(han)量遠高于(yu)石(shi)(shi)(shi)英(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)砂(sha)(sha)。圖(tu)2b顯(xian)示濕法生(sheng)產(chan)(chan)石(shi)(shi)(shi)英(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)砂(sha)(sha)磁(ci)化(hua)(hua)率(lv)值(zhi)高于(yu)干(gan)法生(sheng)產(chan)(chan)石(shi)(shi)(shi)英(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)砂(sha)(sha),且(qie)濕法生(sheng)產(chan)(chan)石(shi)(shi)(shi)英(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)砂(sha)(sha)磁(ci)化(hua)(hua)率(lv)值(zhi)變(bian)化(hua)(hua)范圍比(bi)干(gan)法生(sheng)產(chan)(chan)石(shi)(shi)(shi)英(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)砂(sha)(sha)大,說(shuo)明(ming)濕法生(sheng)產(chan)(chan)石(shi)(shi)(shi)英(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)砂(sha)(sha)中磁(ci)性礦(kuang)物含(han)量變(bian)化(hua)(hua)范圍比(bi)干(gan)法生(sheng)產(chan)(chan)石(shi)(shi)(shi)英(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)砂(sha)(sha)大,這可(ke)能是在濕法生(sheng)產(chan)(chan)過(guo)程中沒有采用(yong)磁(ci)選(xuan)的工藝,樣品(pin)中磁(ci)性礦(kuang)物被(bei)去(qu)除不夠(gou)徹底的原(yuan)因。而(er)(er)(er)干(gan)法生(sheng)產(chan)(chan)過(guo)程中由于(yu)采用(yong)磁(ci)選(xuan)工藝,樣品(pin)中的磁(ci)性礦(kuang)被(bei)去(qu)除比(bi)較(jiao)徹底,從而(er)(er)(er)樣品(pin)的磁(ci)化(hua)(hua)率(lv)值(zhi)很低,甚至為(wei)負(fu)。
2.3 熱磁曲線(xian)分析(xi)
石(shi)(shi)英砂(sha)(sha)和石(shi)(shi)英砂(sha)(sha)原料(liao)樣品的κ-T曲線圖,見圖3。
κ-T曲(qu)線(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)特征(zheng)可(ke)(ke)識別樣(yang)品(pin)(pin)(pin)中(zhong)(zhong)賦存(cun)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)磁(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)性(xing)(xing)(xing)礦(kuang)(kuang)(kuang)物(wu)(wu)(wu)類型,也(ye)可(ke)(ke)分析磁(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)性(xing)(xing)(xing)礦(kuang)(kuang)(kuang)物(wu)(wu)(wu)在(zai)(zai)加(jia)(jia)(jia)熱(re)(re)(re)(re)(re)過(guo)(guo)程(cheng)中(zhong)(zhong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)轉(zhuan)變(bian)(bian)規(gui)律。圖(tu)3a顯示(shi)(shi)石英(ying)(ying)砂(sha)樣(yang)品(pin)(pin)(pin)在(zai)(zai)加(jia)(jia)(jia)熱(re)(re)(re)(re)(re)到550℃之前,磁(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)化(hua)(hua)率(lv)(lv)基本沒(mei)有(you)(you)變(bian)(bian)化(hua)(hua),當(dang)(dang)加(jia)(jia)(jia)熱(re)(re)(re)(re)(re)到580℃左右(you)時(shi),樣(yang)品(pin)(pin)(pin)磁(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)化(hua)(hua)率(lv)(lv)有(you)(you)一個突(tu)然下(xia)降(jiang)(jiang),顯示(shi)(shi)出(chu)(chu)磁(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)鐵(tie)(tie)礦(kuang)(kuang)(kuang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)居里(li)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)度(du)(du)(du)(du)(居里(li)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)度(du)(du)(du)(du)是(shi)指(zhi)鐵(tie)(tie)或(huo)亞(ya)(ya)鐵(tie)(tie)磁(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)性(xing)(xing)(xing)礦(kuang)(kuang)(kuang)物(wu)(wu)(wu)失去磁(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)性(xing)(xing)(xing)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)臨界溫(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)度(du)(du)(du)(du),由(you)于(yu)樣(yang)品(pin)(pin)(pin)中(zhong)(zhong)磁(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)性(xing)(xing)(xing)礦(kuang)(kuang)(kuang)物(wu)(wu)(wu)含(han)(han)量(liang)很低(di),這(zhe)種(zhong)現象(xiang)不太明(ming)顯)。當(dang)(dang)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)度(du)(du)(du)(du)繼(ji)續升(sheng)高(gao)(gao)(gao)時(shi),由(you)于(yu)樣(yang)品(pin)(pin)(pin)磁(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)化(hua)(hua)率(lv)(lv)太低(di),加(jia)(jia)(jia)熱(re)(re)(re)(re)(re)曲(qu)線(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)出(chu)(chu)現振蕩形的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)變(bian)(bian)化(hua)(hua)。圖(tu)3b是(shi)石英(ying)(ying)砂(sha)原(yuan)料的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)κ-T曲(qu)線(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian),加(jia)(jia)(jia)熱(re)(re)(re)(re)(re)曲(qu)線(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)在(zai)(zai)200℃以(yi)下(xia),樣(yang)品(pin)(pin)(pin)磁(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)化(hua)(hua)率(lv)(lv)基本上沒(mei)有(you)(you)什么(me)變(bian)(bian)化(hua)(hua),當(dang)(dang)加(jia)(jia)(jia)熱(re)(re)(re)(re)(re)到250℃左右(you)時(shi)出(chu)(chu)現一個小峰(feng)(feng)值,這(zhe)可(ke)(ke)能(neng)是(shi)加(jia)(jia)(jia)熱(re)(re)(re)(re)(re)過(guo)(guo)程(cheng)樣(yang)品(pin)(pin)(pin)中(zhong)(zhong)鐵(tie)(tie)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)氫氧化(hua)(hua)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(如(ru)纖鐵(tie)(tie)礦(kuang)(kuang)(kuang))脫水生(sheng)成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)了磁(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)赤(chi)(chi)鐵(tie)(tie)礦(kuang)(kuang)(kuang)所致。當(dang)(dang)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)度(du)(du)(du)(du)加(jia)(jia)(jia)熱(re)(re)(re)(re)(re)到250~450℃之間,樣(yang)品(pin)(pin)(pin)磁(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)化(hua)(hua)率(lv)(lv)隨溫(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)度(du)(du)(du)(du)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)升(sheng)高(gao)(gao)(gao)逐漸(jian)降(jiang)(jiang)低(di),這(zhe)可(ke)(ke)能(neng)是(shi)亞(ya)(ya)穩(wen)定、強(qiang)磁(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)性(xing)(xing)(xing)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)磁(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)赤(chi)(chi)鐵(tie)(tie)礦(kuang)(kuang)(kuang)受熱(re)(re)(re)(re)(re)轉(zhuan)化(hua)(hua)成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)熱(re)(re)(re)(re)(re)穩(wen)定的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)、弱磁(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)性(xing)(xing)(xing)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)赤(chi)(chi)鐵(tie)(tie)礦(kuang)(kuang)(kuang)造成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)。當(dang)(dang)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)度(du)(du)(du)(du)超(chao)過(guo)(guo)450℃后(hou),樣(yang)品(pin)(pin)(pin)磁(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)化(hua)(hua)率(lv)(lv)隨溫(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)度(du)(du)(du)(du)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)升(sheng)高(gao)(gao)(gao)又有(you)(you)回升(sheng),并在(zai)(zai)500℃左右(you)又出(chu)(chu)現一個峰(feng)(feng)值,可(ke)(ke)能(neng)是(shi)在(zai)(zai)加(jia)(jia)(jia)熱(re)(re)(re)(re)(re)過(guo)(guo)程(cheng)中(zhong)(zhong)生(sheng)成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)了新的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)強(qiang)磁(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)性(xing)(xing)(xing)礦(kuang)(kuang)(kuang)物(wu)(wu)(wu)。當(dang)(dang)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)度(du)(du)(du)(du)加(jia)(jia)(jia)熱(re)(re)(re)(re)(re)到580℃時(shi),樣(yang)品(pin)(pin)(pin)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)磁(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)化(hua)(hua)率(lv)(lv)急(ji)劇下(xia)降(jiang)(jiang),表現出(chu)(chu)磁(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)鐵(tie)(tie)礦(kuang)(kuang)(kuang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)居里(li)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)度(du)(du)(du)(du)。當(dang)(dang)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)度(du)(du)(du)(du)接近680℃時(shi)樣(yang)品(pin)(pin)(pin)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)磁(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)化(hua)(hua)率(lv)(lv)幾(ji)乎降(jiang)(jiang)到了零,表現出(chu)(chu)赤(chi)(chi)鐵(tie)(tie)礦(kuang)(kuang)(kuang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)居里(li)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)度(du)(du)(du)(du)。兩類樣(yang)品(pin)(pin)(pin)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)冷卻曲(qu)線(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)高(gao)(gao)(gao)于(yu)加(jia)(jia)(jia)熱(re)(re)(re)(re)(re)曲(qu)線(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian),且在(zai)(zai)冷卻至約580℃后(hou),磁(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)化(hua)(hua)率(lv)(lv)隨溫(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)度(du)(du)(du)(du)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)降(jiang)(jiang)低(di)而(er)快速增加(jia)(jia)(jia),表明(ming)樣(yang)品(pin)(pin)(pin)在(zai)(zai)加(jia)(jia)(jia)熱(re)(re)(re)(re)(re)過(guo)(guo)程(cheng)中(zhong)(zhong)可(ke)(ke)能(neng)新生(sheng)成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)了磁(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)鐵(tie)(tie)礦(kuang)(kuang)(kuang)。由(you)兩類樣(yang)品(pin)(pin)(pin)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)κ-T曲(qu)線(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)分析,石英(ying)(ying)砂(sha)原(yuan)料樣(yang)品(pin)(pin)(pin)中(zhong)(zhong)磁(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)性(xing)(xing)(xing)礦(kuang)(kuang)(kuang)物(wu)(wu)(wu)含(han)(han)量(liang)高(gao)(gao)(gao)且成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)分復雜,可(ke)(ke)能(neng)含(han)(han)有(you)(you)磁(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)鐵(tie)(tie)礦(kuang)(kuang)(kuang)、赤(chi)(chi)鐵(tie)(tie)礦(kuang)(kuang)(kuang)、鐵(tie)(tie)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)氫氧化(hua)(hua)物(wu)(wu)(wu)等(deng)。而(er)石英(ying)(ying)砂(sha)樣(yang)品(pin)(pin)(pin)中(zhong)(zhong)磁(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)性(xing)(xing)(xing)礦(kuang)(kuang)(kuang)物(wu)(wu)(wu)含(han)(han)量(liang)很少且成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)分簡單。說明(ming)石英(ying)(ying)砂(sha)原(yuan)料經水洗、磁(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)選等(deng)工藝后(hou),其原(yuan)有(you)(you)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)磁(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)性(xing)(xing)(xing)礦(kuang)(kuang)(kuang)物(wu)(wu)(wu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)種(zhong)類和含(han)(han)量(liang)都大幅(fu)下(xia)降(jiang)(jiang)。
2.4 兩(liang)類樣品磁化率的(de)對比及其意義
顯微鏡下照片顯示(圖1),石英巖中主要成分是抗磁性物質SiO2,另外還含(han)(han)有(you)少量的順(shun)磁(ci)(ci)性(xing)(xing)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)質(zhi),如白云母等,由于(yu)(yu)石(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)英(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)巖中(zhong)順(shun)磁(ci)(ci)性(xing)(xing)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)質(zhi)含(han)(han)量少,因此石(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)英(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)砂(sha)(sha)原料的磁(ci)(ci)化(hua)(hua)率(lv)主(zhu)要(yao)由含(han)(han)鐵(tie)(tie)(tie)礦(kuang)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)決定。熱磁(ci)(ci)曲線(圖(tu)3)反映(ying)石(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)英(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)砂(sha)(sha)原料中(zhong)磁(ci)(ci)性(xing)(xing)礦(kuang)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)成(cheng)份(fen)復雜,含(han)(han)有(you)多種(zhong)含(han)(han)鐵(tie)(tie)(tie)礦(kuang)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu),但其磁(ci)(ci)化(hua)(hua)率(lv)主(zhu)要(yao)由亞鐵(tie)(tie)(tie)磁(ci)(ci)性(xing)(xing)礦(kuang)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)所(suo)決定。圖(tu)1顯(xian)示(shi)含(han)(han)鐵(tie)(tie)(tie)礦(kuang)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)或鑲嵌于(yu)(yu)石(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)英(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)顆粒(li)中(zhong),或附于(yu)(yu)石(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)英(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)表面。在(zai)石(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)英(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)砂(sha)(sha)生(sheng)(sheng)產過(guo)程中(zhong),經水(shui)洗、磁(ci)(ci)選等除雜工藝(yi)后,石(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)英(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)砂(sha)(sha)原料中(zhong)絕大(da)部分(fen)含(han)(han)鐵(tie)(tie)(tie)礦(kuang)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu),特別是附于(yu)(yu)石(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)英(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)表面的強磁(ci)(ci)性(xing)(xing)的含(han)(han)鐵(tie)(tie)(tie)礦(kuang)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)幾(ji)乎都被去除,因此,磁(ci)(ci)測(ce)結(jie)果顯(xian)示(shi)石(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)英(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)砂(sha)(sha)磁(ci)(ci)化(hua)(hua)率(lv)顯(xian)著降低,幾(ji)乎降到了零,甚至降為負值(圖(tu)2a、圖(tu)2b)。由于(yu)(yu)濕法(fa)(fa)生(sheng)(sheng)產沒有(you)采用(yong)除鐵(tie)(tie)(tie)工藝(yi),圖(tu)2b顯(xian)示(shi)濕法(fa)(fa)生(sheng)(sheng)產石(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)英(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)砂(sha)(sha)磁(ci)(ci)化(hua)(hua)率(lv)值高于(yu)(yu)干法(fa)(fa)生(sheng)(sheng)產石(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)英(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)砂(sha)(sha)。為了進一步提高濕法(fa)(fa)生(sheng)(sheng)產的除鐵(tie)(tie)(tie)效果,應在(zai)濕法(fa)(fa)生(sheng)(sheng)產過(guo)程中(zhong)增加除鐵(tie)(tie)(tie)工藝(yi)。
石英(ying)砂(sha)磁(ci)化(hua)率(lv)值的(de)高低(di)反(fan)映了石英(ying)砂(sha)中含(han)(han)鐵(tie)(tie)雜(za)質(zhi)(zhi)的(de)含(han)(han)量,同時也反(fan)映生產過程(cheng)中除(chu)鐵(tie)(tie)效果。石英(ying)砂(sha)磁(ci)化(hua)率(lv)越低(di),說明(ming)含(han)(han)鐵(tie)(tie)雜(za)質(zhi)(zhi)的(de)含(han)(han)量較(jiao)低(di),反(fan)映生產過程(cheng)中除(chu)鐵(tie)(tie)效果較(jiao)好;石英(ying)砂(sha)磁(ci)化(hua)率(lv)越高,說明(ming)含(han)(han)鐵(tie)(tie)雜(za)質(zhi)(zhi)的(de)含(han)(han)量較(jiao)高,反(fan)映生產過程(cheng)中除(chu)鐵(tie)(tie)效果較(jiao)差。
3 結語
通過測量石英砂的磁化率來分析石英砂中鐵雜質的含量及石英砂生產過程中的除鐵效果,相對化學測量方法而言,這種磁化率測量方法具有靈敏度高、簡單快捷、非破壞性和費用低等特點。另外,通過對石英砂中磁性礦物種類和磁性礦物含量的研究,還可為應用磁化率來定量計算石英砂中鐵雜質含量提供理論基礎。根據朗之萬理,只要能精確測量巖石中磁離子(Fe2+、Fe3+、Mn2+)的(de)(de)含量,從(cong)理論上就(jiu)可用磁化率計算出巖石(shi)中(zhong)鐵元素含量,目前(qian)這(zhe)項(xiang)工作正(zheng)在進行。如(ru)果把磁化率測(ce)量作為應(ying)用化學(xue)方法測(ce)量石(shi)英砂中(zhong)鐵雜(za)質含量前(qian)的(de)(de)預(yu)處理,利用其快速(su)、簡便的(de)(de)優點,不僅可節約測(ce)量成本(ben),還可縮(suo)短測(ce)量時(shi)間,具有(you)一定(ding)的(de)(de)生產(chan)應(ying)用意義。